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Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders Many people suffering from ADHD have comorbid disorders such as major depression (Kessler and co., 2006). Many depressed patients are not able to respond well to medication and may benefit from therapy. Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that regulate and increase levels of certain brain chemicals. Drugs that stimulate the brain such as methylphenidate or amphetamine are often prescribed. Medicines Many of the medications used to treat ADHD in children can also be used on adults. The dosages and side effects can be different. The doctor will look at the medical history, family health history, and other conditions of an individual to determine which medicine is best. The most common kind of ADHD medication is a stimulant. It works by adjusting levels of two chemical messengers within the brain, namely norepinephrine and dopamine. Stimulants such as methylphenidate or dextro-amphe (commonly known as Adderall) boost the supply of these neurotransmitters, which help improve focus and reduce aggression and impulsivity. These stimulants are available in different forms, such as liquids, skin patches and chewable tablets. Long-acting versions of these stimulants are preferable because they lead to greater patient compliance and a longer lasting and smoother improvement in symptoms. It is crucial to keep in mind that co-existing conditions like anxiety and depression can affect the response to ADHD medications. Therefore, it is recommended that these psychiatric issues be treated first and medication utilized as a secondary measure. The drugs that can be used for comorbidity disorders include atomoxetine (Bupropion), tricyclic antidepressants, and bupropion (Wilens 2004). Some patients may experience a “rebound” effect, where they experience worsening of ADHD symptoms after stopping stimulant medication. In these instances an experiment of a short duration with an atypical stimulant drug could be helpful. Some people are unable to take stimulant medications or take it due to addiction to drugs or other health conditions like severe hypertension or heart problems. In these situations, nonstimulant medications such as atomoxetine and viloxazine are effective. These drugs do not have the same high rates of side effects as stimulants and have a lower risk for misuse and diversion. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can be helpful for those suffering from ADHD. It can help them develop techniques to improve their lives manage stress and anxiety, resolve conflicts, and cope with problems in relationships and at work. It can also assist with co-occurring mental illnesses such as depression and substance use disorders. Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), mind-body cognitive therapy and schema therapy. These therapies are based upon the notion that beliefs and thoughts can affect how a person feels, thinks and acts. CBT helps an individual identify negative thoughts and behaviors and then develop and implement positive strategies to alter these. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy uses techniques of meditation to help a person learn to focus on their thoughts and emotions, manage their impulses, and improve their executive functioning. Schema therapy and other types of psychotherapy that focus on a person's family history could be beneficial for those who suffer from ADHD who suffer from significant secondary problems. Psychotherapy, as well as medication, can aid with specific ADHD issues, like difficulties with schoolwork or interacting with others. It can also assist in forgetting important dates and responsibilities, and making impulsive choices that could lead to legal and financial problems. It can also assist a person explore and overcome issues that contribute to their ADHD symptoms, such as depression or anxiety. Psychotherapy can assist people in finding healthy coping techniques and reduce stress. For example exercise, sleep improvement, and healthy eating habits. It can also provide assistance to a spouse or family member who may be dealing with the effects of ADHD on their relationship. Therapy for families and marriage helps couples and families learn how to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients overcome their negative thoughts. It involves a dialogue based on skills with an expert in mental health to address the root causes of the symptoms. This treatment aims to help clients overcome impairments and develop coping skills that are compatible with their daily routines. In addition to teaching clients to recognize unhelpful thoughts, therapists who specialize in adult ADHD CBT help them develop skills that allow them to replace negative thoughts with more productive ones. This process can take time. However, it's a good option for those who aren't getting enough relief from medication. In a recent RCT, it was found that cognitive behavior therapy in combination with medication is superior over cognitive behavior therapy by itself when it comes to improving core symptoms, emotional symptom, self-esteem, and social performance in adults with ADHD (Clarke and colleagues. 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is especially beneficial for those suffering from more severe underlying issues. The therapists who provide this kind of treatment usually collaborate with the client to create an action plan that is specific to solving their issues. They usually teach clients a set of practical skills that are easy to apply and have a high chance of success. Charts are often utilized to track progress and to reward positive behavior. In the case of an infant, this could be a daily journal that outlines all of the school-related activities or positive behaviors they must perform and a method of monitoring and gaining rewards. Therapists may also discuss the possibility that negative consequences might be imposed if a child isn't able to finish their work. This can be done with care and support. Metacognitive Therapy Metacognitive therapy is a newer form of psychotherapy that helps people to change their thinking. This kind of therapy can be beneficial for people who suffer from various mental health issues, such as depression. It's a type of cognitive behavioral therapy that assists people to identify their negative thoughts and how they impact their emotions. This type of therapy may also assist in the acquisition of psychological tools that are flexible and useful. treat adult adhd of this study was to examine the relationship between metacognitive abilities and daily functioning in adults suffering from ADHD. In order to do this we compared self and informant-rated impairments in daily functioning with predictors of Metacognition (comprehensive Knowledge, Regulation of Cognition, Debugging Information Management and Evaluation). The results showed that complete knowledge was linked to daily functioning among adults with ADHD however, it was not associated with the processes that regulate. The predictors of metacognition had moderate predictive power, which suggests that they could explain an important amount of variance in daily functioning of people with ADHD. Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is an intervention which focuses on reversing metacognitive beliefs that are dysfunctional and perpetuate states such as worry, rumination and attention fixation. MCT was created by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model created by Wells and Gerald Matthews. A case series has proven the effectiveness of MCT in reducing anxiety disorder, but it's still relatively in its infancy and more research is required to determine its efficacy for other disorders. This study was conceived for evaluating the effectiveness of MCT to alleviate symptoms of illness anxiety disorder. However, it can be used to treat a variety of disorders and is more effective than any other treatment. It's important to keep in mind that this is not an effective treatment for ADHD, but it can be used as an alternative therapy. Family Therapy In family therapy, the therapist collaborates with all members of the family. This allows everyone to understand the client's problems and to learn how they can support their loved one better. It also assists them in finding ways to cope with their own anxieties and develop healthier communication skills. In addition, this type of counseling can be helpful for addressing comorbidities like depression or addiction to drugs, which are typically seen alongside ADHD. The therapist will commence with an intake session to get a clearer understanding of the family's view of the problem and assess their potential for intervention by the family. This can be done in person or via the internet. The counselor will go over the details of treatment with each client and lay out the rules and guidelines of family therapy. A therapist with experience treating adults suffering from ADHD will ask lots of questions to gain understanding of the client's present symptoms, their past and their impact on their work, family life and relationships. They will also inquire if there are any other mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety. natural add treatment is a structured type of counseling that teaches you to control your behavior and change negative patterns of thinking into positive ones. It focuses on improving self-esteem and self control by educating you on how to manage anger and stress. This is a short-term option that can be used in conjunction with other types psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help people with ADHD to deal with the emotional baggage that results from underachievement and failure. It can also help them deal problems with relationships, job changes, and academic challenges. It can help you develop coping and stress reduction techniques and teach you how to manage your time and money more efficiently. It can also help with comorbid disorders such as anxiety and mood disorders which are frequently associated with ADHD.